Available medical interventions such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) [2], microfracture and mosaicplasty [3] can help to relieve symptoms but fail to produce functional cartilage. Recently, cell-based therapies for cartilage repair have mainly focused on chondrocytes [4], mesenchymal stem...
In addition, for the use of the term “stem” cells, it is important to confirm the self-renewal of cells in vivo or in vitro [71]. Finally, the presence of immunomodulatory properties and the characterization of trophic factors secreted by MSCs and some miRNAs have been recommended to ...
However, on the one hand, in these studies control groups without microfracture achieved an equal rate of return to sport and on the other hand there is a lack of long-term results. As already reported for the knee joint [23], microfracture in the hip might have promising short-term ...
A systematic review of 34 randomized trials revealed that the use of PRP injections has a low risk of harm and is beneficial for long-term outcomes (≥12 months). Other systematic reviews of musculoskeletal disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, patellar tendinopathy, and plantar fasciopathy,...
management of cartilage lesions. A variety of other approaches using cell-free materials, mostly in order to enhance cartilage regeneration through the stimulation of bone-marrow-derived cells, have also been described [8]. However, the clinical outcomes are very heterogenous and long-term data are...