Haptoglobin-2 has another name: zonulin. Zonulin proteins are found within intestinal cells, or enterocytes, with production/release triggered by various foreign bacteria, such as strains of E. coli and Salmonella Once triggered by bacteria, zonulin is responsible for creating bowel “leakiness,” a...
coli, which has been linked to ground beef, romaine lettuce and water in the past, the CDC says. Shiga toxin can penetrate and kill cells, causing tissue damage. Although most kinds of E. coli are harmless and can help with food digestion, others can cause healt...