In diagnosing carotid artery stenosis, a common initial test is a carotid duplex, which is a noninvasive and inexpensive test. This examination typically shows a high-resistance signal in the carotid bulb and the proximal internal carotid artery. Distally, there are no Doppler signals audible in ...
Carotid Artery Stenosis:Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries most often occurs at the bifurcation of the CCA to the ICA and ECA. This condition is one of the major causes of transient ischemic attack and stroke. The condition is usually manageable with optimized medical therapy, but there are ...
Traditionally, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been the primary method of treating high-grade asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. A carotid endarterectomy involves exposure of the carotid artery and removal of plaque, most typically from the carotid bulb and the proximal internal caroti...
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the carotid artery is a non-atherosclerotic and noninflammatory disease that can lead to stenosis and/or aneurysm of medium-sized arteries. FMD is a rare disease that mainly affects the distal extracranial internal carotid and renal arteries. FMD most commonly affect...
(typically greater than 70 to 80% stenosis +/- symptoms). The opening incision is made, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle is retracted. At this point, it is important to visualize the carotid sheath, for this is where the structure vital to the procedure is located. The carotid artery lies...
it causes stenosis which may lead to complete occlusion of the carotid artery. This is a dynamic process that may lead to stenosis of the vessel or dilatation of the artery. This depends on where the hematoma develops, either toward the intima or adventitia. This process may lead to a strok...
A bruit from carotid artery stenosis is due to a carotid atherosclerotic plaque that can be both stable and unstable. These plaques are similar to the other arterial plaques of the body. The genesis of atherosclerosis begins with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles trapped in the subintimal ...
exposing subendothelial collagen and resulting in platelet activation and thrombosis with a possible occlusion of the artery. An intimal defect can provide a pathway for blood to enter the artery wall layers, causing stenosis or occlusion of the artery. Disruption of the elastic laminae may lead to...
The recent improvement in the medical management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis has shown comparable rates to carotid endarterectomy for reduced stroke risk. As a result, medical management has become more favorable and is currently the advocated preference for patients with asymptomatic carotid ...
Logason K, Bärlin T, Jonsson ML, Boström A, Hårdemark HG, Karacagil S. The importance of Doppler angle of insonation on differentiation between 50-69% and 70-99% carotid artery stenosis. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Socie...