Define carnitine. carnitine synonyms, carnitine pronunciation, carnitine translation, English dictionary definition of carnitine. n. A compound that functions in fatty acid metabolism by transporting fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production. I
Pivampicillin and other pivalate-conjugated antibiotics may decrease blood concentrations of carnitine and limit fatty acid oxidation.1L-Carnitine drug interactions (more detail)Adverse ReactionsNausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and a "fishy" body odor can occur with doses of about 3 g/...
combined with one or more compounds from group B, which consists of biotin, lipoic acid, conjugated fatty acids, carnosine, bioquinones, phytofluene, phytoene and folic acid and their respective derivatives, optionally additionally containing one or more compounds from the group of antioxidants and/...
mitochondrial matrix. β-Oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria is inhibited by uncoupling conditions, thus changes in circulating levels of various acylcarnitines have been used to identify alterations in metabolic state.[1] [2] Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine formed from carnitine conjugated to ...
The administration of pivaloyl-conjugated beta-lactam antibiotics to healthy volunteers for 54 days reduced mean serum carnitine 10-fold and muscle carnitine, as measured per non-collagen protein, more than two-fold [2]. Treatment of children for 12–37 months to prevent urinary tract infection re...
Two commonly advertised natural compounds are conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and L-carnitine (LC). Although LC has been reported to enhance fatty acid β-oxidation in slightly overweight individuals [3], [4], its effects on altered fuel metabolism or weight loss in healthy individuals are ...
plays an essential role in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. Carnitine binds acyl residues and helps in their elimination, decreasing the number of acyl residues conjugated with coenzyme A (CoA) and increasing the ratio between free and acylated CoA....
The sections were HRP-conjugated IgG secondary antibodies (1:1000 dilution) for 30 min. Finally, the slices were rinsed with PBS, and images of the sample sections were acquired using a Leica DMI-3000B microscope (Leica, Germany). The positive cells were quantified using ImageJ software. ...
Administration of pharmacologic amounts of pivalate- conjugated drugs results in carnitine depletion, characterized by reduced concentrations of carnitine in the circulation and tissues, and hypoketonemia. These effects are overcome by pharmaco- logic administration of carnitine with the drug. Results from...
Med. Chem. 48, 6523-6543 (2005), have reviewed the design of multiple conjugated ligands for improved drug delivery as a new emerging paradigm. Improvements for commercial success have tried to using this approach and are continuously still being sought....