(1) The heart muscle of the vertebrates (2)myocardium Supplement The muscles of the vertebrates can be classified into three major types: (1)skeletal muscle, (2)smooth muscle, and (3) cardiac muscle. The skeletal muscle is the muscle attached to theskeletonand is responsible for the voluntar...
The muscle cells of the heart display fluted ends that interdigitate with each other as they line up end to end and form specialized interdigitating junctions, known asintercalated disks(Fig. 8.10). Eachintercalated diskhas: • Alateral portionthat is well endowed withgap junctions ...
vertebrate heart muscleelectron microscopyLight and X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from trabecular and papillary muscles of cat heart in the living resting state and in rigor. Equatorial X-ray patterns showed two pairs of reflections which may be classified as the 1,0 and 1,1 ...
as the heart is in continuous failure. [3]. During senescence, cardiomyocytes develop a senescent-like phenotype, which finally leads to age-related myocardial dysfunction [4]. The aging myocardium
[12]. Fibroblasts account for >40% of the total cells in the ventricle. They mainly serve as mechanical and structural support for cardiomyocytes and sustain the homeostasis of the cardiac extracellular matrix [13]. Mural cells in the vessel wall include smooth muscle cells and pericytes, which...
. resulting in poor circulation of nutrients to tissues and organs. Amyoloidosis is suspected when imaging shows thickened heart muscle and thickened valves with reduced function, but thickened muscle also occurs as a reaction to incomplete control of elevated blood pressures, as well as by other...
Individuals with DMD and BMD classically experience muscle weakness as an initial symptom before the manifestation of cardiac symptoms [2]. Out-of-frame deletions producing insufficient and nonfunctional proteins causes severe clinical phenotypes classified as DMD [2]. In contrast, BMD, typically result...
Which muscle(s) are not controlled by the autonomic nervous system? A. Cardiac muscle. B. The diaphragm. C. Skeletal muscle. D. Smooth muscle. Autonomic Nervous System: As the name implies, the autonomic nervous system (ANS...
mitoNEET expression is specifically downregulated in the aged mouse heart We first analyzed the levels of mitochondrial proteins during chronological aging. The amount of mitochondria per weight of cardiac muscle may change during aging17. We found that mitoNEET levels are significantly decreased in the...
Cardiac amyloidosis arises from deposition of misfolded proteins in the heart muscle, which results in a restrictive-type cardiomyopathy, and commonly progresses to heart failure, conduction system disease, and cardiac death. Cardiac amyloidosis is subclassified based on the specific protein involved, wit...