malignant carcinoid syndromeheart septal defects—atrialheart failure—The manifestations of carcinoid heart disease are usually right heart failure due to pulmonary and tricuspid valve disease and sometimes hig
Less frequently, drugs or chemicals may produce long-term cardiac alterations, which may show clinical and morphological manifestations of a chronic cardiomyopathy. The morphologic reactions of the heart to toxic injury include (1) cardiac hypertrophy, (2) cardiomyopathies, (3) cardiac cellular ...
Jacobsen MB, Nitter-Hauge S, Bryde PE, Hanssen LE. Cardiac manifestations in mid-gut carcinoid disease. Eur Heart J 1995;16:263-8.Mansencal N, Mitry E, Bachet JB, Rougier P, Dubourg O: Echocardiographic Follow-Up of Treated Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2010, 105: ...