As explained in Chapter 4, the Na+, K+ exchange pumps keep K+ concentration higher inside cells (than in extracellular fluid) and keep Na+ concentration lower inside cells (than in extracellular fluid). With each pump cycle, a Na+, K+ exchanger transfers three Na+ out of a cell and ...
The maximal cardiac uptake of99mTc-Annexin V was 4.7% after one cycle of treatment (adj.p = 0.001), gradually decreasing to approximately baseline value at four cycles. The highest organ doses were measured in the kidney (19.2%, one cycle), spleen (5.6%, one cycle), and liver (8.9...
The 21 heart rate SNPs identified by the GWAS meta-analysis on heart rate18 explained between 0.2 and 0.9% of the variance in the three HRV traits (Supplementary Table 10). Association with cardiometabolic traits and diseases. In addition to heart rate, we examined the association of the 17 ...
The reason can be explained similarly. Because one PCG signal has 3 cycles and every cycle should match with the template, thus curves of 3 matching degree are presented in Fig. 4c. Fig. 4 Matching results of FD.S.MD using FMFE. a is the modulus of PCG signals of one cardiac cycle ...
The exact mechanism linking AS and (ATTR-)CA is currently unknown. Current evidence suggests that the pathophysiological mechanisms of the two conditions may co-exist in a bidirectional relationship, thus influencing each other in a sort of vicious cycle. Firstly, amyloid precursors may deposit in ...
In the time domain, the period of a cycle of these signals represents the cardiac cycle. In the frequency domain, the most prominent peak in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) should indicate the average heart rate of the person [13]. However, this process has a few major disadvantages: 1...
These differences would be exposed as regional differences in repolarisation when the heart is paced at short cycle lengths. A recent computational study has shown that regional differences in repolarisation produce distinctive changes in T wave shape on the electrocardiogram [31]. We would expect ...
Interestingly, Myoscape expression was not significantly different in comparison with sham controls (Supplementary Fig. 5d), suggesting that the observed reduction in LTCC currents on myocardial infarction cannot simply be explained by myoscape downregulation. Next we assessed whether Myoscape expression ...
jumps to more depolarized values and the cycle repeats. In addition to hysteresis, CDR of HCN4 directly determines the position of the activation curve and, thus, regulates the time point at which the cells switch between the two activity modes. Due to lack of CDR in HCN4FEA cells, the ...
Ca2+ and K+ ions play central roles in control of the cardiac contraction cycle. Membrane depolarization by action potentials opens L-type Ca2+ channels (Ltcc), resulting in extracellular Ca2+ entry and a subsequent internal release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the ryanodine ...