Perivascular or intercellular reticulin fibers which were stained with Watanabe's silver impregnation method were observed in some or many cases in each category except for the early stage of astrocytoma. The results of the malignant reticulosis generally coincided with those of astrocytomas. In ...
Biomarkers used in the epidemiology of cancer are usually divided into three categories: markers of internal dose, markers of early response, and markers of susceptibility. In fact, each category includes subcategories. For example, protein adducts and DNA adducts are both markers of internal dose, ...
Therefore, the European Union (EU) criteria for category 2 of carcinogenic substances appear to be fulfilled for bio-durable nanoparticles consisting of matter without known significant specific toxicity.doi:10.1080/08958370902942541Markus RollerTaylor & FrancisInhalation Toxicology...
According to current EU regulations, azo dyes based on benzidine, 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine and 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine have been classified as carcinogens of category 2 as "substances which should be regarded as if they are carcinogenic to man". This is not the case for 3,3′-dichloro...
Based on our analysis, classifying NM, NE, and 1-NP as Category 2 reproductive toxicants is most appropriate. Furthermore, not classifying NE and 1-NP with respect to their carcinogenicity is appropriate based on the available studies for this endpoint coupled with negative results in ...
CarcinogenicityBackgroundEvery year, hundreds of thousands of patients receive an orthopaedic or dental implant containing metals such as cobalt, chromium and titanium. Since the European Chemicals Agency (2020) classified pure cobalt metal as a Category 1B carcinogen, manufacturers of products containing...
Category 1 contains eight DBFs with some or all of the toxicologic characteristics of human carcinogens: four regulated (bromodichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, and bromate)and four unregulated DBFs (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, MX, and NDMA). Categories 2 and 3 contain 43 ...
The metals involved are mainly in the heavier category. An important aspect is the favorable reduction potential exhibited by the bioactive materials that permits redox cycling in vivo with the generation of oxy radicals. The basic mechanistic theme is applicable to other electron transfer (ET) ...
Sudan I [1-(phenylazo)-2-naphthol, C.I. Solvent Yellow 14] is an industrial dye, which was found as a contaminant in numerous foods in several European countries. Because Sudan I has been assigned by the IARC as a Category 3 carcinogen, the European Union decreed that it cannot be ...
In this category, ethanol decreased the susceptibility of the esophageal mucosa to develop tumors. As illustrated in FIGURE 1, N N N is bioactivated by a-carbon hydroxylation to the proximate carcinogens 1 and 2, which rearrange to the electrophilic species 3 and 4, respectively.' These ...