Carbon Tax (CT) and Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) are popular emission mitigation mechanisms. This paper establishes four counter-factual (CF) scenarios with different CT rate, and constructs a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, named China Energy-Environment-Economy Analysis...
carbon tax policy will encourage emitters to delay their energy efficiency investment, while waiting and seeing if the carbon tax policy will last. And the public attitutes towards carbon tax is gettingg bad, especially when people see the benefit opportunity in ETS market (Umit and Schaffer, ...
The ETS is one of a number of measures included in the recently approved energy reform. The announcement comes shortly after the introduction of a carbon tax on fossil fuels in January. The tax is set at approximately USD 3.50 per tCO2e, though firms will be allowed to use offset credits ...
Previous research has acknowledged that climate change is likely to expand the wealth gap, and climate policies may further increase inequality. Nevertheless, little research has focused on how climate policies affect inequality. To address this, we empl
The most relevant innovation of the Clean Energy Act was the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM), which has de facto imposed a carbon tax in Australia. The Australian CPM, intended to ease the transition to an ultimate Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), was in force only between July 1st, 2012, a...
This includes both direct and indirect emissions embedded in imported goods. Non-compliance could lead to increased carbon tax costs and reduced competitiveness in the EU market. Companies must proactively engage with the CBAM requi...
However, significant differences exist between the carbon tax and ETS. As mentioned before, ETS regulates carbon emission by setting a maximum emission allowance. The carbon price formed by ETS is theoretically the lowest mitigation cost, but highly sensitive to climate and energy policies. On the ...
Their framework sets the carbon tax at 25 yuan/ton and assumes that the ETS will stimulate increased energy-saving innovation while the carbon tax will not, and thus the ETS policy has the lowest cost. Sun (2014) also considers a hybrid system, discussing this in the context of duopo...
, and reach Carbon neutral by 2050.The package aims to make EU climate policy more binding and accelerate the EU's decarbonisation.The proposal for a carbon border tax (CBAM) is a central part of the Fit for 55 pr...
The cost of UK ETS carbon permits (UKAs) were around 100 GBP in early 2023. But prices have fallen considerably since then, dropping to record lows in 2025.