The atomic nucleus is generally regarded as a compact quasi-sphere composed of nucleons (neutrons and protons) moving almost independently inside a self-consistent mean field1,2. However, the shape and internal structure configuration of a nucleus can be dramatically changed with increasing excitation...
This illustrations shows the atomic structure of Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14. (Image credit: Nandalal Sarkar via Shutterstock) Carbon's discovery is lost to history. The element was known to prehistoric humans in the form of charcoal. Carbon as coal is still a major source of fuel ...
scrust—yet it forms morecompoundsthan all the other elementscombined. In 1961 theisotopecarbon-12was selected to replaceoxygenas the standard relative to which theatomic weightsof all the other elements are measured.Carbon-14, which isradioactive, is the isotope used inradiocarbon datingand ...
electronic structureSi(001)scanning tunneling microscopydensity functional theoryC(4X4) RECONSTRUCTIONSI(100)SIMORPHOLOGYThe atomic and electronic structures of the Si(0 0 1)– c(4 × 4) surface have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). To ...
Basically, there are two strategies for producing graphene: (1) cleaving multi-layer graphite into single layers and (2) growing it epitaxially by depositing one atomic layer of carbon onto a substrate material. The former usually uses mechanical methods like adhesive tape cleavage andsonicationto ...
New and improved tools are needed to control the properties and structure of materials at the nanoscale; significant improvements in computer simulations of atomic and molecular structures are essential to the understanding of this realm. Next, new tools and approaches are needed for assembling atoms ...
Correlating atomic configurations—specifically, degree of disorder (DOD)—of an amorphous solid with properties is a long-standing riddle in materials science and condensed matter physics, owing to difficulties in determining precise atomic positions in 3D structures1,2,3,4,5. To this end, 2D sys...
The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to that of graphite, consisting of sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern (graphene sheets), the difference being in the way these sheets interlock. Graphite is a crystalline material in which the sheets are stacked parallel...
Figure 14. Left: schematic drawing of the crystal structure of hexagonal graphite showing the AB graphene layer stacking sequence and the unit cell. Right: view perpendicular to the basal plane of hexagonal graphite (after Winter and Besenhard 1999). Natural graphite usually comprises these two cry...
Atomic structures of single-crystalline iron-based nanowires crystallized inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes during pyrolysis on silicon substrates with ferrocene as a precursor were analyzed using high-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Standard crystal lattices, na...