All cancers originate from a single cell that starts to behave abnormally due to acquired somatic mutations in its genome. These somatic mutations may be the consequence of impaired DNA replication machinery, exogenous or endogenous mutagen exposures, enzymatic modification of DNA or defective DNA repai...
“Since this is the first time single-cell RNA sequencing has been performed in cells of the fruit fly eye, we had to create a comprehensive map or cell atlas, accurately describing gene expression in each cell type in the normal eye. We then relied on this atlas to determine how an RB...
“Since this is the first time single-cell RNA sequencing has been performed in cells of the fruit fly eye, we had to create a comprehensive map or cell atlas, accurately describing gene expression in each cell type in the normal eye. We then relied on this atlas to determine how an RB...
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most abundant immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), account for approximately 50% of the local hematopoietic cells. TAMs play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development throug
However, there is still some debate as to whether the cancers originate from a secretory or ciliate cell lineage. One well established method for determining the origin of a cell line is to document the expression of genes and proteins that are cell type specific. Lineage or tissue specific ...
(PD-L1) on tumor cells, or CTLA-4 receptor on T-cells, cancer cell-mediated immune escape could be downregulated and anti-tumor immune response could be promoted. The expression level of PD-L1 is a predictive biomarker for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal and gastric ...
[1,2]. Since cancers originate from normal cells, it can be difficult for the immune system to identify and react to self-derived tumor cells [3]. Both innate and adaptive immune responses may be triggered by malignant cellular change [4]. Since discovery of T helper (Th) 17 cells in ...
MUC1 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein with a high molecular weight. It plays a role in lubricating and protecting mucosal epithelium, participates in epithelial cell renewal and differentiation, and regulates cell adhesion, signal transduct
Immune evasion contributes to cancer growth and progression. Cancer cells have the ability to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions. The programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligands (
et al. Cell lineage tracing reveals a biliary origin of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 74, 1005–1010 (2014). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Fan, B. et al. Cholangiocarcinomas can originate from hepatocytes in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 2911–2915 (2012). Article CAS ...