Surgical resection of tumours often requires blood transfusion. In case of a curative operation, the primary tumour is removed, but nevertheless a percentage of the patients will develop distant metastases [7]. Minimal residual disease in the form of undetectable micrometastases and/or tumour cells ...
The presence of invasive carcinoma in a polyp requires a thorough review with the pathologist for histological features that are associated with an adverse outcome. Making the decision to undergo surgical resection for a neoplastic polyp that contains invasive carcinoma involves the uncertainties of ...
Breast self-examination requires examining the entire chest area and both breasts, as well as the axillary area. Although it does not matter in what order the steps of the BSE are performed, it is essential that all steps be performed so that no area remains overlooked. Therefore, women shou...
G-CSF is an essential regulator of neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow to the blood. Immunity 17, 413–423 (2002). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Serbina, N. V. & Pamer, E. G. Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine...
Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) is a DNA virus that is widespread among human populations, primarily transmitted through saliva but can also be spread through blood transfusions. Approximately 90% of adults have been infected with EBV [120]. Most individuals infected with EBV do not exhibit significant ...
In most cancers, germline and stem cells, long-term proliferation requires telomerase activity to overcome the telomere shortening, which occurs with cell division. This shortening eventually arrests cellular growth, potentially providing an initial proliferative barrier to tumor formation in humans [5]....
A score of “Good OTU” requires no radiological or clinical evidence of cancer progression, no major toxic effects (a serious adverse reaction [SAR], or any grade ≥3 non-hematological toxicity), no significant deterioration in QL (≥16 percentage-points drop in EORTC Global QL subscale22) ...
The USPSTF acknowledges that there is increasing access to multigene panels; however, the clinical significance of identifying pathogenic variants in multigene panels requires further investigation. The evidence is currently limited on other moderate penetrance genes, given their relatively low incidence in ...
A comprehensive approach to cancer-related fatigue requires the inputs of various disciplines to address the multifactorial nature of the problem. Aberrant laboratory values, such as significant anemia or metabolic derangement, are generally managed by a patient’s oncologist. Physiatrists should be famil...
4 In cirrhotic patients, perioperative mortality and blood transfusion requirements should not exceed 2–3% and 10%, respectively.454., 55., 56., 57. This requires careful selection of candidates to avoid life-threatening surgery-related complications and necessitates an adequate assessment of liver...