Most of the time, cells are able to detect and repair DNA damage. If a cell is severely damaged and cannot repair itself, it usually undergoes so-called programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cancer occurs when damaged cells grow, divide, and spread abnormally instead of self-destructing as the...
Engineering of biophysical stimuli experienced by cells of the BM niches such as fluid flow derived shear stresses and nutrient distributions as well as biomechanical loading that occurs on native bone has already yielded several promising results, suggesting these methods should be integrated into all ...
For example, lung cancer may present with common symptoms of pain, but usually, the pain is located in the chest. The patient may have unusual bleeding, but the bleeding usually occurs when the patient coughs. Lung cancer patients often become short of breath and then become very fatigued. ...
Cancer, group of numerous distinct diseases that are characterized by the uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer is a major cause of sickness and death worldwide. Learn more about the history of cancer, cancer rates and trends,
When cancer metastasizes to bone, considerable pain and deregulated bone remodelling occurs, greatly diminishing the possibility of cure. Metastasizing tumour cells mobilize and sculpt the bone microenvironment to enhance tumour growth and to promote bone invasion. Understanding the crucial components of th...
that results in pathology occurs is important for the development of therapies designed to harness ILCs in this setting. Group 1 ILCs are found in multiple organs, but their phenotype and functions are highly tissue dependent. They are preferentially enriched in the liver, where they are thought ...
BST-2 is an interferon-inducible type II transmembrane protein that functions as a potent nuclear factor kappa binding (NF-кB) activator [12]. BST-2-mediated NF-кB activation occurs through the YXY motif on the cytoplasmic domain of BST-2 and interaction with TAK1 is required [13],[14...
About15% of patientswith multiple myeloma will also be diagnosed with AL amyloidosis, a rare disease that occurs when a protein called amyloid builds up in organs like the heart, kidneys, liver and spleen. Like multiple myeloma, AL amyloidosis affects the plasma cells inside the bone marrow and...
Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of microorganisms, which have been confirmed to be closely related to oncogenesis. ...
Release of NETs (NETosis) occurs in response to pathogen infection, sterile inflammation and cancer. Premetastatic niche A microenvironment in secondary organs primed by the primary tumour that is populated by non-cancer cells and promotes seeding of metastasizing cancer cells. Regulatory B cells (...