With the appearance of anti-microbial,numerous diseases have been prevented.Infections that would have proven fatal a few decades ago are now taken care of.But with too much use of antimicrobial solutions,the infectious organisms evolve and adapt to overcome these substances,as the strength and eff...
As all these living organisms are dependent on each other in some way, biodiversity is desirable. Any loss to the planet is actually a loss for mankind as well, and it is our responsibility to try and save Earth’s biodiversity.Biodiversity has a vital role to play in...
While it is clear that the death of specific cells within a multicellular organism could increase inclusive fitness (e.g., during development), the origin of PCD in unicellular organisms is less obvious. Kin selection has been shown to help maintain instances of PCD in existing popula...
Companies are social organisms and are also embedded in a broader social context. Social learning, therefore, happens naturally as individual learnings are codified and disseminated both within and beyond the enterprise. Employees may learn from colleagues on their teams, from the codified knowledge of...
Charles Darwin, a passionate evolutionary biologist, and author of ‘The origins of species’ (1859) might have been among the first to note that organisms, much like the human organisms with all their guts and brains, would never fail to either adapt or die. It is simply a question of ...
acidified oceans within the next several decades, and pollution causing oxygen depletion and "dead zones" in some areas, "it has been argued that in such long-lived organisms acclimatization rather than genetic adaptation will play the leading role in their response to climate change," the paper...
2a). If an environment is changing rapidly—e.g., on the timescale of a single individual—innate behavioral strategies might not provide a path to as high a level of mature performance as a mixed strategy that relies in part on learning. For example, a fruit-eating animal might evolve ...
to the largelyice-free world that existed prior to about 35 million years ago. The average ‘species’lifetime’ is only 1 to 3 million years. So it is quite possible that in the comparative geological instant of a century, planetary conditions will be transformed to a state unlike anything...
“Humans inherently avoid dangerous organisms such as bees, but children these days avoid even harmless insects such as butterflies and dragonflies (蜻蜓),” he says. “I have long wondered why so many of today’s children react like this.” F) Although the children’s reactions were ...
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