This energy must come from the spin system, but has never been investigated quantitatively. This letter finds a way to calculate the energy transformed from the magnetic potential energy in the spin system to the electric kinetic energy associated with the FID current by revisiting the radiation-...
In addition, when the low-energy ions were entering living cell, the collisional process would involve the ions and the atoms of DNA molecules. If the energy transferred into the DNA exceeds the threshold value, an atom or radical will be knocked out resulting in strand break, base release,...
The transferred charge from Nb to B and Ru are equal to 0.51e, 0.41e, 0.23e and 0.3e, respectively. The obtained transferred charge values suggest an effective valence state of Nb0.75Nb0.7Ru−0.23Ru−0.3B−0.51B−0.41. Mulliken's bond overlap population for nearest neighboring ...
Solar energy hydrogen production is one of the best solutions for energy crisis. Therefore, finding effective photocatalytic materials that are able to split water under the sunlight is a hot topic in the present research fields. In addition, theoretical prediction is a present low-cost important ...
The best measurement of the rate at which heat is transferred through a building floor, walls, ceilings or roofs is best expressed as a U-value, as we explain here. This article gives details and formulas for calculating R-values, U-values U-coefficient of heat loss resistance, and K-...
For designing glass in the RF‑GLASS add‑on module, you can use one of two calculation methods: a 2D or a 3D calculation. The main difference between these design options is the automatic modeling of the layers in a temporary model. In a 2D calculation, each layer is generated as a...
The cross sections have a peak around the grazing angle, and the spin distribution, i.e., the cross section at the peak as a function of the transferred spin, is investigated. The shape of the spin distribution is found to be not sensitive to the incident energies, optical potentials, ...
Heat is a from of energy that is transferred from a system to its surrounding on account of their temperature difference. As an external energy source, heat has specific effects on matter. It is not uncommon to see your parent hold the mouth of a tightly closed jam jar over the burner fl...
(3.77) is an activation energy in the Zener–Hollomon parameter. Table 4.3. Coefficients in Eq. (3.74) for the austenitic steel determined using inverse analysis, error (%) Φ=13.6853 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 17,075 0.268 0.123 0.00417 0.5004 Table 4.4. Coefficients in Eq. (3.75) for the ...
In SRIM-like simulations, an incident ion with energy higher than Ed may lead to 0 displacement if the maximum energy transferred to an atom (by elastic or inelastic scattering) is smaller than Ed. This can be verified by the data below 100 eV incident energies shown in Fig. 9. The ...