In this example you need to calculate the volume of a very long, thin cylinder, that forms the inside of the pipe. The area of one end can be calculated using the formula for the area of a circle πr2. The diameter is 2cm, so the radius is 1cm. The area is therefore π× 12, ...
When a material is exposed to an electric field, its dielectric constant describes the interaction. Thus, the remote sensing of land-surface properties, such as soil moisture, requires an effective operator for the computation of the effective dielectric constant (Figure 1). Figure 1. Measuring ...