ventricular arterial coupling (Ees/Ea) and stroke volume (SV).MethodsEes/Ea can be calculated non-invasively from the four parameters of end-systolic arterial pressure (Pes), diastolic arterial pressure (DBP), pre-ejection period (PEP), and ejection time (ET), using the approximation formula....
A blood pressure measurement bladder (50) has a predetermined amount of air introduced and sealed therein. A CPU (30) measures in advance the P-V property. The blood p
This formula represents the amount of oxygen extraction work at the percentage of heart rate intensity, and is a measure of cardiovascular efficiency in delivering oxygen to tissues per heart beat. This is based on the study of Murias et al. [31] that used the ratio of mean HHb with NIRS...