A simple approach is presented for computing the Thomson scattering cross section of an element as a function of temperature and density. In this method, the hydrogenic average atom representation is used to calculate the number of free electrons per atom, the occupation numbers of the atomic ...
A PC package is documented for calculating stopping powers and ranges of electrons, protons and helium ions in matter for energies from 1 keV up to 10 GeV. Stopping powers and ranges for electrons can be calculated for any element, compound or mixture. Stopping powers and ranges of protons an...
Construction of the energy matrix for complex atoms Part III: Excitation of two equivalent electrons from a closed shell into an open shell or an empty shell Article Open access 29 April 2015 Construction of the energy matrix for complex atoms Part IV: Excitation of one electron from a clos...
The connection requires a view of the wavefunction that goes beyond molecular orbitals and rests on the most fundamental property of electrons. The antisymmetry of electronic wavefunctions requires that an N-electron wavefunction repeat itself in 3N dimensions, thus exhibiting tiles. Inspection of ...
The formal charge of an atom in a molecule is the hypothetical charge the atom would have if the electrons in the bonds are evenly distributed between the atoms. Alternatively, formal charge results when from the number of valence electrons of a neutral atom, the nonbonding electrons are first...
where Φ(i,j,k)αβγare the anharmonic force constants (introduced below) ande_{p{\prime}, \pm {\bf{q{\prime}}}^\beta (j)is the element of the eigenvector of branchp′ at point ±q′ that corresponds tojatom in theβ-direction. Note the indices {i∈uc (unit cell)} while...
The MIVM was applied successfully to predict each element’s activity in Mn-based alloys, namely, Mn-C Mn-Fe, and Mn-Fe-C systems. The MIVM calculated binary parameters between metals (Fe, Mn) and nonmetal (C) in Mn-Fe-C alloys, confirming a strong interaction between Fe and Mn in ...
neutrons and electrons. the electrons have very less mass in comparison to protons or neutrons so the mass of electrons is not influenced in the calculation. for an element, relative atomic mass is the average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element relative to the mass of an...
Solution method: As in previous work on the problem (cf. [3,7]) we exploit the fact that a strong magnetic field results in an approximate decoupling of the dynamics of the electrons parallel and perpendicular to the field. In this adiabatic approximation the single-particle wave functions ...
The calculations are made for two models of the surface region; firstly, a uniform composition within the sampling depth of Auger electrons, and secondly, surface enrichment limited to the first monolayer. The relation of the Auger electron intensity to the surface concentration is expressed in ...