Different methods of determining pH//s of 155 water samples were compared using the Langelier equation, the Larson-Buswell formula, the two pH//s equations derived in this study, two mathematical models obtained from multivariate analysis, the WATSPEC2 computer program, and Caldwell-Lawrence ...
Equation (1) also assumes irreversible Ca binding, that is valid for τo ≪ τoff≈ 10 ms (see above). A problem of linear treatment appears when we consider how large calcium levels around the channel may be. A theoretical estimate of the ratio Co/i is 1.2 mM/pA15. The ...
Calcium-looping in DMR The reaction equation for dry methane reforming (DMR) is given in Eq.7[10,11]. In DMR conditions, water generation is often present, so WGS reactions need to be avoided. The role of calcium-looping in DMR can therefore be explored as a potential CO2feedstock for t...
Calcium carbide will immediately have reaction upon coming across with water, generating acetylene and calcium hydroxide, which is the approach of industrial preparation of acetylene (carbide method), the reaction equation is: CaC2 + 2H2O = C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2. ...
Equation 4.2 accounts for reaction of stabilizer but does not consider that unreacted HCl autocatalyzes PVC dehydrochlorination which is accounted for in experimental results. Figure 4.4 also shows that CaCl2 (and none of intermediate products of reaction with HCl which could be formed) does not ...
The parameter σ in equation (3) controls the relative weights of fit-to-data and potential energies in the overall HRMC cost function, and its value must be determined empirically. Through systematic tests of the variation in \({\chi }_{QF(Q)}^{2}\) and E with σ, we determined the...
Goldschmidt tolerance factor is the key to finding the formability and stability of MHPs given in equation (2) [43]. t=(rA+rX)/[2(rB+rX)] (equation 2)Octahedralfactorμ,μ=rB/rX………. Where rA, r B, and rX are the ionic radii of ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘X’ ions. When t =...
Macroscopic current-voltage relations are fitted with the equation I={1/(1+exp(-(Vm -Vh)/S)}×G-(Vm -Erev), where Vm is the test potential, Vh is the voltage at which half of the channels are activated, and S reflects the steepness of the activation curve and is an indication of...
The experimental values of HE were fitted into the Redlich –Kister equation, and deviations from the ideal value and binary parameters were calculated. The importance of solute–solvent interactions was demonstrated from the excess enthalpy of mixing in the positive direction with an increase in the...
[26] LI = Water pH value-pHs [27] (wherein pHs= 8.313-log{Ca++}-log[A]-S) [28] In the above equation, LI almost has negative value, because the pHs is greater than 7.5 in most water systems excluding clean areas, and most of raw water has a pH lower than 7.5 except for whe...