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Here we report the development of xiaomi, a rapid-cycling mini foxtail millet mutant as a C4 model system. Five to six generations of xiaomi can be grown in a year in growth chambers due to its short life cycle and small plant size, similar to Arabidopsis. A point mutation in the ...
The evolution of C4photosynthesis requires an intermediate phase where photorespiratory glycine produced in the mesophyll cells must flow to the vascular sheath cells for metabolism by glycine decarboxylase. This glycine flux concentrates photorespired CO2within the sheath cells, allowing it to be efficien...
- Three different photosynthetic CO2 fixation pathways are known to occur in higher plants. However all three pathways ultimately depend on the Calvin-Benson cycle for carbon reduction. The oxygenase activity of RuBP carboxilase is responsible for photorespiratory CO2 release. Both C4 and CAM ...
Like all pumps, the C4 cycle requires an input of energy in the form of ATP. Recently, two terrestrial plants have been shown to have single-celled C4 photosynthesis, a phenomenon only otherwise known in a few aquatic angiosperms and some diatoms. Sign in to download full-size image Figure...
As with most generalizations, this view of the adaptive significance of C4photosynthesis is an oversimplification that can lead to misunderstanding. C4plants often dominate sites that are hot and dry, yet they can also dominate warm, wet habitats while being absent in certain hot, dry locations. ...
The LSMO sample was held in an open cycle nitrogen cryostat. Some inhomogeneity in the RA signal as a function of the position on the sample was observed, and so the probing position was kept constant by correcting any thermal dilation effects. More details can be found in Supplementary ...
cycle to work in London, compared with 5% of men. Blacks and other ethnic minorities are reluctant to do it, too. Boris Johnson, London’s mayor, oversaw the introduction of a bike-hiring scheme, which was started by his predecessor but quickly became known as the "Boris bike". He ...
This might indicate that not all components needed for C4 photosynthesis are known. There must be some trans- porters involved and there might also be some unknown reg- ulatory factors. Knowledge of the complete sorghum genome might help to identify such components. As also shown above, though...
Evolution of C4-type PEPCs alsoinvolved the modifications of their kinetic properties,which happened late in the evolution of C4photosyn-thesis,probablyinthefinalstagesofC4evolution(Sage2004;Sageet al. 2012).After C4cycle wasestablished,malate concentrations were substantially increased inM cells to ...