In the visual system, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of various subtypes encode preprocessed photoreceptor signals into a spike output which is then transmitted towards the brain through parallel feature pathways. Spike timing determines how each feature
Alright, so we begin by finding the gradient \(\nabla f\) by computing the partial derivatives with respect to \(x\) and \(y\). \begin{equation} f_{x}=2 x-6 \text { and } f_{y}=4 y+8 \end{equation} Now, since both of our partials are defined for every \(x\) and \...
Survey on Shortest Distance Computing by using Effective Indexing and Query Optimization MechanismNow-a-days various application domains is significantly increasing, the several nodes may attain the scale of hundreds of millions or even more. Shortest distance query is a fundamental operation in huge-...
Polyploidy (genome duplication) is a pivotal force in evolution. However, the interactions between parental genomes in a polyploid nucleus, frequently involving subgenome dominance, are poorly understood. Here we showcase analyses of a bamboo system (Poa
Let us now introduce what is perhaps the most stringent and quantitative multiscale test for turbulence studies: the comparison of local scaling properties provided by the scale-by-scale exponent defined in equation (4). In practice, we computeζ(p, τ) by first computing\(\text{d}\log ...
In weighted networks, the shortest path is a path between two nodes with the minimal sum of the weights of its constituent edges. Since all edges have the same weight in unweighted networks, the shortest path between two nodes is through the smallest number of intermediary nodes. However, a ...
Constant folding is the process of recognizing and evaluating constant expressions at compile-time rather than computing them at runtime. Terms in constant expressions are typically simple literals, such as the integer literal 2, but may also be variables whose values are known at compile-time. T...
In this way, proximate analysis is used to determine the weight percentage of moisture, volatile material (VM), fixed carbon (FC) and ash in a biomass, while elemental analysis involves the determination, again in weight percentage, of C, H, N or O [57]. Hence, the physical–chemical ...
(i.e., quantitative, scalable, and free of experimenter bias), is based on inexpensive consumer cameras, and is implemented in Python, a simple and widely used computing language. Our method is capable of tracking the animals using only infrared video channels (i.e., in visual darkness for...
phase, a topological disk that includes all of the faces of the mesh is removed. In a second phase, the edge trees are trimmed away, leaving just the connected loops. Finally, the serrated cut is straightened by computing a constrained shortest path that connects its two adjacent cut-nodes....