Siliceous ashes have big potential in the production of concrete owing to their properties in comprehensive strength, and individual oxide like CaO or MgO can be regarded as a desirable material of adsorbent preparation (Rutkowska et al., 2018). As for adsorbents, the following equation (1) ...
The CanMETOP was developed based on the atmospheric advection/diffusion equation with a terrain-following coordinate, combined with the air-to-soil exchange module based on the IV-level fugacity method and air-to-water exchange module based on the two-thin film theory. The model is solved ...
[8] For deriving the quantity of biomass burned from an estimate of the area of land burned, the following equation was used: where M = mass of dry matter burned; A = area burned; D = dry matter density; and E = fractional burn efficiency. For savanna/grassland burning, two possible...
20080131830Use of renewable energy like solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower for manufacturing combustion air for a fossil fuel burner and firebox2008-06-05Nix 20080041054Production of Hydrogen Using Low-Energy Solar Energy2008-02-21Montesinos ...
According to Equation1, the δ15N-NH4+ values with larger f can better reflect the emission source information, meaning there is a more enriched δ15N (>15‰) source contributing to NH4+ (Figure S3 in Supporting Information S1). A previous study reported that the δ15N-NH3 value of ...
The spectral dependence of BrC absorption can vary strongly depending on the type of aerosol emissions (fossil fuel combustion versus biomass burning), as well as physical-chemical transformation (primary versus secondary organic aerosols)6,20. As a result, the 440 nm wavelength does not have ...
In the core–shell model calculated using Mie theory, the volume-equivalent radius of BC (RBC) is related to their masses and their aggregated morphologies, according to the following equation: $$ R_{BC} = \sqrt[3]{{\frac{{M_{BC} }}{{\frac{4}{3}\pi \rho_{BC} }}} = \sqrt...
Considering that NO, NO2 and O3 are in photostationary states during the daylight hours, we calculated the mean concentration (in ppbv) for the 6:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. LT. In the equation, the intercept (i.e. the NOx-independent contribution) gives the O3 contribution to regional ...
(NCEP) at a 1° × 1° spatial resolution and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian-Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Air (NOAA) Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) [65]. Equation 3 was used to compute the frequency of backward...
A variable but significant fraction of biomass OB is added by natural wildfires (Naik et al., 2007). Soot particles produced from biomass OB contain a much lower BC/OC than do fossil fuel combustion soot particles, and a somewhat lower fraction than do biofuel combustion particles (Bachmann, ...