M. (1988). Organisational learning, bureaucratic control, preservation of form: Addition to our basic understanding of research utilisation in public organisations. Knowledge,: Creation, Diffusion, Utilisation , 9 (3), 404–425.Lovell, RD, Turner, BM (1988) Organisational learning, bureaucratic ...
Extra-institutional control refers to actions generally taken by non-bureaucratic actors (mainly social movements and interest groups) acting in the public ... OZ Chi,C Hunter,L Xia,... - 《Journal of the Neurological Sciences》 被引量: 9发表: 2011年 The Crisis of Meaning: In Culture and...
nineteenthCentury.Itrefersto anadministrativepositionisoccupiedbythecivilian occupation(control)system,thissystemisusually responsibleforthehereditarymonarch.Thebureaucracyand representativepoliticalsystemcorrespondingtothelatter referstothepoliticalelectedofficialsresponsiblefor Congressorparliament.So.Milwaukee(JsMill)inhis...
The horizontal nature of a chart depicts spans of control, which refers to the number of people a manager supervises. When managers have wide spans of control, detailed oversight isn’t possible and employees typically have independence and even decision-making authority. The more horizontally orien...
Technical rules control how work is to be performed and how decisions are to be made. This means that technical rules will instruct the leader on the different steps and processes to go through and carry out so that the service or resulting product will meet the guideline that is provided ...
At the same time, with their new organisational form, universities were becoming more goal-oriented with unified strategies, more managerial central coordination and control, and building organisational identities related to these practices (Pietilä, 2015). In this chapter, we are interested in ...
a标准化控制通过官僚式的执行路径防止子公司经理个人行为带来的损失风险,但是,该控制模式往往会忽略人的主观能动性 The standardized control carries out the way through the bureaucrat -like to prevent subsidiary company manager the personal behavior brings loss risk, but, this control pattern often can negl...
We also show that changes in bureaucratic independence, measured as the political independence of the central bank CEO, seem to follow changes in political competition in a large cross section of countries. One of the main motivations is to try to understand why politicians give up control over ...
tactics The short-term, immediate decisions that, in their totality, lead to the achievement of strategic goals. total quality management (TQM) A new phase for quality control in its most expanded sense of a total and continuing concern for quality and the production of goods and services; see...
Control By the Alpha In anthropology and sociology, the leader (the alpha) is a male or female at the top of the structure. The term alpha is used to signify that person as the most dominant member (or animal in the case of social mammals). All others are expected to submit and obey...