A compact list of functions has been developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as part of the City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) standard [1] in form of code lists divided into the two categories "class" and "function/usage" (Annex C–C.1. "Building module"). An example...
Geotechnical engineering, as one of the most relevant branches of civil engineering, deals with the study of the engineering behavior of earth materials using the principles of soil mechanics and material engineering in finding lasting solutions to earth problems when it comes to the design of ...
It was observed that steel is the material that generates a greater contribution to the environmental impact in all the systems and scenarios analyzed. In scenario A, in the floor system I-A, steel generated 2.98 eco-points of impact, while concrete and ceramic hollow slab blocks generated ...
The findings described in the paper demonstrated that this code compliance generalization results in exaggerated R-values reaching up to 30%. Nevertheless, the correct selection of tie material and tie design, such as carbon fiber or basalt, can reduce the effect of thermal bridging to less than...
From a BEP simulation point of view, historic buildings are the same as all buildings; it is possible to know the geometry, while it is difficult to know the material thermo-physics parameter. In any case, it is possible to accurately simulate an indoor air microclimate; furthermore, it is...
energies Review Building Façade Retrofit with Solar Passive Technologies: A Literature Review Sara Brito-Coimbra 1 , Daniel Aelenei 1,2,* , Maria Gloria Gomes 3 and Antonio Moret Rodrigues 3 1 NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ...
For example, the basic data of material saving, water saving, energy saving, and indoor air quality could be extracted from the BIM element properties and BIM schedule report. The other basic environmental data, such as indoor thermal, light, acoustic, and space use, could be output by the ...