The brain requires oxygen and glucose to meet its metabolic demands, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is its supply channel. The brain has high energy requirements but limited storage capacity, which means persistent CBF is critical for its proper functioning and prevention of damage and death. Ther...
Normally, the bloodstream supplies enough glucose and oxygen to the brain to generate the large amount of energy required for theseaction potentialsto be fired up. But things can go wrong if the blood vessels feeding the brain become narrowed or blocked, restricting the supply of vital nutrients....
The severe effects of hypoglycaemia on the brain were first observed in 1922 by Mann and Magath1who showed that cerebral tissue is dependent for its continued functioning upon a continuous and adequate supply of glucose, as well as of oxygen. Later, Harris2reported on the many cases of hypogly...
choking, strangulation, and other sudden injuries.Hypoxic brain injuriesoccur when the brain receives less oxygen than it needs, but is not completely deprived of oxygen. Because the effects of the two injuries are
In the brain, lactate is formed predominantly in astrocytes from glucose or glycogen in response to neuronal activity signals. Thus, neurons and astrocytes show tight metabolic coupling. Lactate is transferred from astrocytes to neurons to match the neuronal energetic needs, and to provide signals ...
Preparation and temporary storage of brain tissue sections As brain sections are highly vulnerable to oxygen and glucose deprivation, we adapted a method commonly used in slice electrophysiology to maintain tissue viability37,38,39. Coronal brain sections (220 µm in thickness) are prepared using ...
Capillary: ↑ The smallest type of blood vessel, which delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells of the body. 毛细血管:血管的最小类型,它为身体的所有细胞输送营养物质和氧气。 Hypothalamus: ↑ A region of the brain that controls many important body functions, including sleep, blood pressure, tem...
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Reduces Permeability and Apoptosis of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Response to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Followed by Reoxygenation via the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1)/ERK ... P Chen,H Zhang,Q Zhang,... - 《Medical Science Monitor...
or by other means, is also of great interest. Organoids often exhibit some degree of cell death and dysfunction in their deeper layers; a functional vasculature to facilitate nutrient, oxygen and waste exchange would likely improve the health of cells in 3D culture. The use of miniature spinnin...
The most well-studied mechanism of action of PS centers around cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), a unit four of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, responsible for the final reduction of oxygen to water using the electrons generated from glucose metabolism77. The NO may inhibit CCO enzyme activity, ...