In AD, activated microglia and astrocytes accumulate around extracellular Aβ-plaques and damaged or dead neurons (Ojala et al.2009; Perry et al.2010) releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS (Morales et al.2014). ROS damage all cell membranes, causing modifications in proteins, lipids, and...
Torres CAM, Zafar F, Sastre D, Hermesky D, Chen MY, Vazquez JP, Qi LS, Kirik D, Schüle B (2023) Robust nuclease-dead S. Aureus dCas9-mediated alpha-synuclein knockdown in substantia nigra in a humanized mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09....
In TBI, (pink lines) the inflammasome is activated by DAMPs released by injured and dead cells, while in AD (green lines) the inflammasome is activated by oligomerized Aβ, resulting from BACE cleavage of APP. In both pathologies, the respective proteins are recognized by microglia and ...
A dead-time of 50 ms was set to ensure the same spike was not counted twice. Subsequently, all spikes were manually inspected and approved. A nonparametric significance test based on jittering was used to validate the significance of cross-correlations of mPFC & CA1 IES, as described ...
In the early stages of AD, microglia—resident immune cells of the brain—are activated in response to neuronal cell death, phagocytosing dead cells and presenting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. However, chronic overactivation of microglia contributes to a vicious cycle of Aβ ...
Cells with condensed nuclei were considered dead76. For staining, cells were fixed at 21 days in vitro (DIV) with 4% PFA and stained with primary antibodies to SynGAP1 (Sigma) and PSD-95 (Millipore) using established protocols77. Images were taken with an Eclipse Ti confocal microscope (...
The depth, pattern, timing and duration of unconsciousness, including sleep, vary greatly in inflammatory disease, and are regarded as reliable indicators of disease severity. Similarly, these indicators are applicable to the encephalopathies of sepsis,
The emission data were normalized and corrected for decay and dead time. The sinograms were reconstructed with FBP (filtered back-projection using a ramp filter with a cut-off at the Nyquist frequency). Static images and dynamic images with 20 imaging frames were generated. Radiosynthesis The ...
(2-3 months old) did not show statistically significant differences in the mortality between the IVH and IVH + PS group (p = 0.161, X2 test Log Rank (Mantel–Cox) = 1.961, Kaplan–Meier method) because only 2 mice died (2 of 20) in the IVH group and no dead mice ...
Additionally, the diminished capacity of senescent microglia for phagocytosis reduces the effectiveness in clearing dead cells, dysfunctional synapses, and myelin debris, leading to dysregulation of tissue homeostasis. It is worth noting that DAM and senescent microglia share many proteomic and ...