Here, we review perivascular space anatomy, physiology and pathology, particularly as seen with MRI in humans, and consider translation from models to humans to highlight knowns, unknowns, controversies and clinical relevance.doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0312-zJoanna M. Wardlaw...
Yet, seminal discoveries in the past 5 years have clarified the anatomy, genetics and function of the immune system within the central nervous system (CNS) and altered the paradigm for successful immunotherapy. The impact of standard therapies on the response to immunotherapy is now better ...
Gross anatomy of the brain Divisions of the brain The brain can be divided either in a topographic manner or according to its embryological origin. Therefore, the brain has three main parts, the cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. However, due to the fact that different pa...
A comprehensive understanding of the brain requires analysis, although from a global perspective, with cellular, and even subcellular, resolution. An important step towards this goal involves the establishment of three-dimensional high-resolution brain maps, incorporating brain-wide information about the c...
2. Neuroimmune anatomy & physiology Broadly speaking, brain parenchyma fundamentally consists of neurons and glial cells. The glial cells are further categorized as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia; the microglia being the resident innate immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS). Micro...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY: Assessment of Sexual Orientation Using the Hemodynamic Brain Response to Visual Sexual StimulifMRISexualOrientationPhallometryPedophiliaClassificationIntroduction. The assessment of sexual orientation is of importance to the diagnosis and treatment of sex offenders and ...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides accurate measures of brain anatomy and physiology without the use of ionizing radiation. The safety of MRI has allowed not only the scanning of healthy children but of repeated scans throughout the course of development, generating data that have revolutionize...
Meningeal layers, the SAS, the pia mater, and the arachnoid. OpenStax College: Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013. The SAS itself has a complex geometry due to the fact that there is an abundance of trabeculae which stretch fro...
Discoveries over the past two decades demonstrate that regions distributed throughout the association cortex, often called the default network, are suppressed during tasks that demand external attention and are active during remembering, envisioning the
M. The brain’s default network: updated anatomy, physiology and evolving insights. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 20, 593–608 (2019). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Raichle, M. E. The brain’s default mode network. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 38, 433–447 (2015). Article CAS PubMed Google ...