personalized brain–computer interface (pBCI); specific BCI user; customized brain–computer interface (cBCI); general brain–computer interface (gBCI); brain–computer interface (BCI) 1. Introduction Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are designed to bypass users’ nerves and muscles to realize ...
Brain–Computer Interface (BCI); Cognitive Vigilance Task (CVT); Multi-Modal Integrated Task (MMIT); stress; distress 1. Introduction 1.1. Quantifying Stress with a BCI System Stress is a common feature in high-pressure environments with high cognitive loading, such as air traffic control centers...
In modern brain–computer interface (BCI) design, the BCI is a direct link between the brain of a person and a computer [1]. More precisely, BCI is a system that measures and processes the nervous system activity used by a computer to restore and/or replace the natural output of the br...
This article examines state-of-the-art research into the impact of virtual reality (VR) on brain–computer interface (BCI) performance: how the use of virtual reality can affect brain activity and neural plasticity in ways that can improve the performance of brain–computer interfaces in IoT con...
Recent engineering and neuroscience applications have led to the development of brain–computer interface (BCI) systems that improve the quality of life of people with motor disabilities. In the same area, a significant number of studies have been conducted in identifying or classifying upper-limb mo...
passive brain–computer interface; online BCI; electroencephalography (EEG); mental workload; stress; transfer learning; classification1. Introduction Passive brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are systems that aim to monitor the mental state (either cognitive or affective) of a user and exploit this ...