Although the prevalence of COPD in the elderly population varies according to the definition used, it definitely increases with age and could reach 15 % in those over 65 years of age. Therefore, ageing of the population should result in increased prevalence and socioeconomical costs of COPD ...
In the absence of easily quantifiable criteria, the definition of AECOPD varies in the literature, making identification difficult and affecting interpretation of study results. Exacerbations increase mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease. They also increase the risk of developing further exacerbations...
The ATS/ERS definition of an obstructive pulmonary defect contrasts with the definitions suggested by clinical guidelines, in that FEV1 is related to VC rather than FVC and the cut-off value of this ratio is set at the 5th percentile of the normal distribution rather than at a fixed value ...
We propose a definition and a characterization of long-run causality between non-stationary, possibly cointegrated, series. In a VAR framework, a Wald test can be performed to test for long-run non-causality, with the statistics distributed as a chi-square, conditionally on the cointegration ...
Existing epidemiological data overall concern hay fever, which epidemiological definition is easy. Hay fever distribution widely varies according to age, sex and...doi:10.1016/j.rmr.2011.10.013P. CrequitI. Annesi-MaesanoC. ChouaidG. Hejblum...