For box culverts, choose a structure that meets the hydraulic requirements and provides a cover of 3-4 feet. A taller structure which minimizes cover may be less cost-effective than one of similar span with slightly higher cover. a For other plate structures: l Where fill over the structure...
The temperature gradient of the box girder section calculated by the method presented a C-shaped distribution pattern, which differs from the double-line distribution pattern specified in the current “General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts” in China (JTG D60-2015). ...
A prestressed concrete (PSC) box-girder bridge with a main span of 150 m is selected for demonstration, and the importance sampling (IS) method is applied to estimate its failure probability, in which the influences of shrinkage and creep, stress relaxation, and shear lag on the time-...