project management dilemmauncertainty and riskinnovationproblem structuringexperimentationevolutionary strategiesThis paper is about the project management dilemma. It explores the problems that today's project managers must resolve when confronting two or more conflicting and yet seemingly valid possibilities. ...
But when we look at the top-down approach of the project portfolio selection process, there was a cost, too. In fact, the estimated cost of the project was part of the business justification that management considered when it approved the project. If we're just getting the bottom-up ...
methodology, a bottom-up cost management model that reduces unnecessary spending by rebuilding [...] rolandberger.com.cn 亚洲生产成本不断高企,竞争日益激烈,。文中为企业介绍了罗兰贝格创立的一种自下而上 的 成本 管理 模式 AZ BB(加速零基预算法),通过精简企业支出和提高相关活动效率,为企业减少不...
Taking this bottom-up approach, I present some tricks that practitioners down in the trenches can use to win upper management's approval of and support for SPI. My first opportunity to introduce bottom-up process changes occurred on a project in which my job was basically coding and testing....
This paper first reviews the implementation literature of the past fifteen years, with particular emphasis on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches. It also argues that the 4–6 year time-frame used in most implementation research misses many critical...
they follow different approaches to risk management by using a risk matrix to assess risk at the start of an optimization cycle. This top-down process is effective for new assets since no information about the assets is available. For existing assets, a more accurate bottom-up risk approach is...
Bottom-up or top-down: which is the best approach to improve CSR and sustainability in local contexts? Reflections from Italian experiences This paper reflects on the theme of sustainability and territorial social responsibility, which, in this context, is defined as a pathway promoted by a plu....
Integrating bottom-up and top-down theories of subjective well-being: The case of health. As a means of integrating bottom-up and top-down theories of subjective well-being (SWB), a framework was proposed that, in part, posits that both objectiv... Brief,Arthur,P Butcher,... - 《...
Therefore, the “Bottom-up Innovation” project tests a two-phased participatory, primary preventive organizational level intervention (i.e. a participatory action approach) that targets and engages all workers in the primary process of schools. It is hypothesized that participating in the project ...
Findings show that Lean implementation at Institutes of Higher Education takes place bottom-up, with relatively little management involvement and commitment, and mostly involves supporting processes. This impedes the organizational culture change that needs to take place for Lean implementation to be ...