Generally speaking, there are two approaches to understanding the process of perception. These are the top-down processing and the bottom-up processing. What differentiates one from the other? Let's find out. Top-Down Processing Top-down processing is defined as the development of pattern recognit...
Gibson’s Bottom-Up Processing Theory In 1966, a psychologist by the name of James Gibson theorized thatbottom-up perception was direct, or innate, and didn’t require learning. This theory is sometimes called the “Ecological Theory.” Because it says perception can be explained based on the ...
In the guided-search model of visual search, the pop-out is explained by assuming bottom - up processing of a feature map on which a singleton was given the highest activation (Wolfe, 1994 202 - 238). However, it has also been shown that top - down information such as knowledge of ...
Nevertheless, the surfactants used in HFA-based pMDI formulations containing nanoparticles are insufficient to stabilize the suspension systems during storage, which may be explained as the following. Firstly, the physico-chemical properties of HFA propellants are different from those of chlorofluorocarbons ...
By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some third parties are outside of the European Economic Area, with varying standards of data protection. See our privacy policy for more information on the use of your perso...
Top-down and bottom-up influences on ERPs The ERP waveforms, regardless of the task, were very similar to those described in the face literature [29,32]. This supports the suggestion that in our paradigm face processing dominated over voice processing, in accordance with the conclusions from th...
These varying outcomes can be explained by (1) using detailed analysis of trophic-level interactions within the standard energy-based linear food-chain model, or (2) invoking web models and/or non-energy interactions between organisms. Previously I developed an analytic approach for the linear ...
It is also worth mentioning that both bottom-up systems perform better on building constituents with four and five children than the state-of-the-art in-order parser, while the top-down transition system achieves the worst results on these structures. This can be explained by the fact that co...
They believed that cancer could affect anyone but was more common with age, as a man explained it here: “Even if you have a good life with good eating habits, hardly any alcohol, don’t smoke,…they can still be affected by cancer. It’s been seen. So, even if you’re doing ...
with a first peak in the age group 10–19 years and a second peak in the age group 30–39 years.6,7 Up till now, the etiology of CFS remains unclear; it is likely that CFS is a heterogeneous disorder that could be explained by a multifactorial model where genetic, infectious, neuroend...