bottom-up beta 的估算首先从分析公司所处行业/业务出发,通过估算各个业务的基本风险或beta,然后将这些风险进行加权平均最终获得。 2. 估算bottom-up beta包括哪些步骤? 一共包括4个步骤: 步骤1:将目标公司的业务做一定的拆分。GE有26种业务,而沃尔玛则是单一业务的公司。不要将业务拆分的过细,因为到了步骤2会碰...
步骤2：分别估算每种业务的风险（beta）。这里的beta成为资产（asset）beta或无杠杆（unlevered）beta。步骤3：将上一步获得的无杠杆beta进行加权平均，权值是根据某业务的价值（value）对比所有业务的价值加总来确定的。步骤4：根据目标公司的财务杠杆（debt to equity 比值）计算最终的beta。选择可类比的...
Bottom-Up beta-Reduction: Uplinks and lambda-DAGs If we represent lambda-calculus term as a DAG rather than a tree, we can efficiently represent the sharing that arises from beta-reduction, thus avoiding c... O Shivers,M Wand - European Symposium on Programming Languages & Systems 被引量:...
One predictive regression of monthly momentum returns on its bottom-up beta produces an OOS R-square of 2.41%. This contrasts with the usual negative OOS R-squares of similar predictive regressions for the market excess return.doi:10.2139/ssrn.2144204Pedro Barroso...
Several recent studies have demonstrated that the bottom-up signaling of a visual stimulus is subserved by interareal gamma-band synchronization, whereas top-down influences are mediated by alpha-beta band synchronization. These processes may implement top-down control of stimulus processing if top-dow...
Sign up with one click: Facebook Twitter Google Share on Facebook bet your bottom dollar (redirected frombet someone's bottom dollar) bet (one's) bottom dollar To be totally certain that something will happen or prove true (so much so that one would hypothetically risk one's last dollar ...
Recently, two quite different approaches exemplifying 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' philosophies have shed new light on basal ganglia function. In vitro work using organotypic co-cultures has implicated the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GP e) as pacemake...
Bottom-up modulation is observed for both RSIs. This finding demonstrates that two different sources simultaneously reduce congruency effects after incongruent trials. 展开 关键词: Social Sciences DOI: 10.3758/BF03193821 被引量: 279 年份: 2006 ...
Top–down effects of herbivores and bottom–up effects of nutrients shape productivity and diversity across ecosystems, yet their single and combined effects on spatial and temporal beta diversity is unknown. We established a field experiment in which the abundance of insect herbivores (top–down) an...
Our results indicated that 60 to 80% of the variance was explained only by the bottom-up factors in both lakes, indicating the importance of nutrients and organic matter from autotrophic origin in controlling the BCS. Top-down regulation by flagellates together with ciliates or viruses was found...