In particular, this chapter contains a review of the so-called bottom-up approach, which takes an ensemble of individual production units, be it industries or enterprises, as the fundamental frame of reference. At the level of industries the various forms of shift-share analysis are reviewed. ...
bottom up的例句: 1. "When approaching a complex problem, it's often helpful to use a bottom up approach, starting with the individual components and then building up to the larger system." 2. "In programming, we can use a bottom up method by first writing and testing small modules of ...
and the bottom-up approach begins at the specific and moves to the general. These methods are possible approaches for a wide range of endeavors, such as goal setting,budgeting, and forecasting. In the financial world, analysts or whole companies may be tasked with focusing on one ...
Understand the meaning of the top-down approach and bottom-up approach in management. Know the advantages of the two approaches to management and...
Studies of climate change at specific intervals of future warming have primarily been addressed through top-down approaches using climate projections and modelled impacts. In contrast, bottom-up approaches focus on the recent past and present vulnerability. Here, we examine climate signals at different...
The activity revaluation approach 2014, Energy Show abstract US residential energy demand and energy efficiency: A stochastic demand frontier approach 2012, Energy Economics Show abstract The cultural barriers to renewable energy and energy efficiency in the United States 2009, Technology in Society ...
Both papers highlight the importance of “true” technology-based activity analysis in evaluating policy-induced structural change at the sectoral level. In this paper, we focus on the third approach to hybrid modeling, i.e. the direct combination of bottom-up and top-down in a complementarity...
© 2011 Christine Chinkin and Iavor Rangelov About this chapter Cite this chapter Chinkin, C., Rangelov, I. (2011). A Bottom-Up Approach to Redressing Past Violations of Human Rights. In: Kostovicova, D., Glasius, M. (eds) Bottom-Up Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://...
But when we look at the top-down approach of the project portfolio selection process, there was a cost, too. In fact, the estimated cost of the project was part of the business justification that management considered when it approved the project. If we're just getting the bottom-up ...
But when we look at the top-down approach of the project portfolio selection process, there was a cost, too. In fact, the estimated cost of the project was part of the business justification that management considered when it approved the project. If we're just getting the bottom-up ...