This research is primarily focused on how to make verb entries in a monolingual Indonesian learner’s dictionary and expected to provide the principles of making such entry. A “bottom-up” approach was applied by drawing up a multiple-choice questionnaire for Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing...
In general, advances have provided for either a top-down or a bottom-up approach to design; ignoring the requirements for bothion and detail in a concurrently engineered development process. This paper describes an integrated conceptual modeling framework for a blended methodology. The utility and ...
Bottom-Up ApproachDonovan, Claire
How does the top-down approach differ from the bottom-up approach in language processing? A.Bottom-up processing is more effective than top-down processing in speech synthesis.B.Bottom-up processing utilizes all information one has in speech perception.C.Top-down processing uses one' s existing...
Advocates of high-tech development use conflicting top-down and bottom-up models to respond to the challenge of the increasing knowledge intensity of the g... Parker,P. - 《Economic Development Quarterly》 被引量: 23发表: 2001年 Stuck in the clouds: Bringing the CBD's Ecosystem Approach for...
2.2Bottom-up approach In contrast to the top-down approach, the bottom-up method refers to the synthesis ofCQDsby aggregating small organic oroligomerprecursors. And the representative bottom-up approaches include the microwave, hydrothermal, and ultrasound methods [54,55]. Normally, under the envir...
Using a bottom-up approach, our academic family medicine department attempted to develop a measurement system that avoided some of the flaws of the earlier... DC Scheid,RM Hamm,SA Crawford - 《Family Medicine》 被引量: 75发表: 2002年 Productivity Measurement and Management in Large Public Servi...
测量肩关节内、外旋时，受检者的体位（ ），量角器的放置方法：肘屈90° 轴心（ ），固定臂（ ），移动臂（ ）。
第一,来解释下阅读教学的常用方法:bottom-up approach,top-down approach bottom-up:意味着从文本的最小单位(不理解的单词和句子)入手,先解决对于单词和句子意义的理解,再去学习文章要传达的内容。 top-down:先以阅读技巧(scan-扫读,skim-跳读)为工具,了解文章大意(gist),得知特定信息(specific information)和细...
Innovation systems in developing countries: A top-down and bottom-up approach to studying the Colombian National System of Innovation and the coffee, flower and sugarcane production chains This thesis examines the evolution and development of science, technology and innovation (STI) policies in Colombia...