Both bottom-up and the top-down methods were used to estimate unit costs.At the microscopy centres, mean bottom-up unit costs were respectively US$0.83 (range US$0.60-US$1.10) and US$12.29 (US$11.61-US$12.89) fo
The bottom-up technique can be contrasted with the top-down technique, which estimates at the highest level first and then breaks the estimate down into lower levels. The bottom-up technique is generally more accurate than the top-down technique, but it can be more time-consuming. When usin...
Apart from the bottom up estimation vs the top down estimation method, comparisons can be made between bottom up estimating vs parametric estimating, which is another popular way of estimation. When estimating activity factors like cost, budget, and timelines, the parametric approach of estimation ma...
The top-down and bottom-up estimation strategies may be applied in the bidding phase, planning phase and re-estimation phase of software projects. There are, however, situations that clearly favour top-down estimation, e.g. early estimates based on vague requirement specification that do not enab...
英文: Parametric and bottom-up cost estimation.中文: 参数及自下而上成本估算法。英文: He promised to rebuild the nation, bottom up.中文: 他许下诺言要彻底改造这个国家。英文: Should we start top-down or bottom-up?中文: 我们应该从上到下、还是从下往上开始?
In Total, this gives a bottom-up SOC accumulation rate of 0.12 ± 0.060 PgC yr−1 during the 2000s. Therefore, the bottom-up estimate is a net carbon accumulation in land ecosystems of 0.29 ± 0.12 PgC yr−1 in China. Consistent top-down and bottom-up ...
bottom-up, methodology are affected by a certain degree of uncertainty. The bottom-up estimates can be aided with an independent top-down estimate based on atmospheric observations combined with an atmospheric transport model. This study presents HFC-134a emissions for Europe, with a specific focus...
英文: Parametric and bottom-up cost estimation.中文: 参数及自下而上成本估算法。英文: He promised to rebuild the nation, bottom up.中文: 他许下诺言要彻底改造这个国家。英文: Should we start top-down or bottom-up?中文: 我们应该从上到下、还是从下往上开始?
2.2Bottom-up approach In contrast to the top-down approach, the bottom-up method refers to the synthesis ofCQDsby aggregating small organic oroligomerprecursors. And the representative bottom-up approaches include the microwave, hydrothermal, and ultrasound methods [54,55]. Normally, under the envir...
A salvage from thebottom up, from a top - down fishing. 一会从下往上捞, 一会从上往下捞. 互联网 Let ourbottom up, our team were passing. 让我们为过关而干杯. 互联网 Parametric and bottom - up cost estimation. 参数及 自下而上成 本估算法. ...