BMW X3 The X3 (E83), BMW’s second crossover SUV (called SAV or “Sports Activity Vehicle” by BMW) debuted in 2003 and is based on the E46/16 3 Series platform. Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMW’s xDrive all-wheel drive system. BMW X5 The all-wheel dr...
Not long after it became available in the BMW E83 X3, and since then it has found its way into the BMW E84 X1. Rumors suggested that this engine will make its way into the E89, as a rival to Audi's TT TDI.doi:10.1063/1.453857Zheng Cirino...