No clear trend of the influence of year of observation on health care expenditures was found, generally health care expenditures increased over time, but this was statistically significant only for GOLD grade 1, 3, and 4. Table 2. Effect of BMI on total health care expenditures. Empty Cell ...
To demonstrate the practical implications of using the instrumental variable approach, we envisaged a scenario where all participants increased their BMI by 2 units. The predicted number of events over the BMI scale was used to predict number of total deaths in our sample, both with measured BMI...
Given the dynamic nature of metabolic status, research has shown that the metabolic status changes over time across all body mass index (BMI) categories and is associated with cardiovascular risk [6, 7]. However, the role of genetic predisposition on the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality was...
To clarify whether the same genetic variants that associate with increased BMI cross-sectionally also influence body weight gain over time, we investigated the annual weight change and substantial weight gain (⩾10%) between different adult age periods. In line with the cross-sectional results, ...
categories. Compared to the DSM-5, the proposed ICD-11 was not over inclusive, i.e., it did not appear to include people with less severe and potentially less clinically relevant symptoms. These results support the greater clinical utility of the ICD-11 whilst both schemes showed convergent ...
this may have affected the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates of orthorexia and emotional eating. However, this is a limitation of the use of questionnaire methods and should be kept in mind when interpreting the results, which may be over- or underestimated, and generalising them to the...
()) + + # average over ntimes + avg_clock /= ntimes + + return avg_clock, ntimes + + +def speed(verbosity=1, forward=1): + + print("=" * 90) + print("SPEED") + print("=" * 90) + + print('-' * 90) + if forward: + print('FORWARD') + else: + print('...
Research over the past two decades widely supports that mindfulness meditation exerts beneficial effects on physical and mental health [8,9,10,11,12]. Mindfulness denotes a state of consciousness that is characterized by an intentional and non-judgmental awareness of present experiences, rather than ...