Women are protected from most cardiovascular events compared with men until after menopause, and postmenopausal women are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications compared with premenopausal women. The pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated, but are not likely to be as simple as ...
The reasons for this association are unclear. Postmenopausal women may be more sensitive to the hypertensive effects of lead because of loss of estrogen at menopause.44 Estrogen has been postulated to protect women from age-related increases in blood pressure,44 although results from a large ...
Estrogen protects blood vessels and reduces arterial stiffness in premenopausal females; however, after menopause women experience faster increases in arterial stiffness, narrowing the gap between males and females. Based on these factors, we hypothesized that the effect of blood pressure on AS might ...
Moreover, regular physical activity decreased blood levels of Aβ and tau, consistent with the beneficial effects of regular physical activity in cognitive maintenance, Aβ turnover modulation, and brain redox status improvement. Particularly, physical activity was able to decrease Aβ levels in femal...
23 Nonetheless, still the most commonly considered contributors to biological sex differences remain those associated with sex hormones (ie, type and timing of menarche, pregnancy, and menopause).24 However, the evidence to date would suggest that episodes of hormonal variation or perturbation are ...
Pregnancy status was available only for females between 20 and 44 years of age, and was based on pregnancy test and self-report. Postmenauposal women were identified as those not having menstruated in the last 12 months, because of either menopause or hysterectomy. Some data were missing for...
Women:Following menopause, levels of testosterone in women decrease, along with a concomitant decline in libido, mood, and general well-being. Although women produce only small quantities of testosterone, evidence indicates that this important hormone helps women maintain sexual function, as well as ...
» Find out why it's harder for women in menopause to lose weight Can you improve unoptimized estradiol levels? InsideTracker displays estradiol blood test results using the reference ranges provided. Still, it takes the analysis further by creating optimal zones based on menopausal status...
17 These negative associations were slightly stronger in men for some brain regions of interest. There are several potential explanations for these findings. Sex hormones are believed to have a cardioprotective benefit for women until they reach menopause, after which their risk of cardiovascular ...
Center and the Faculty of Sports and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä. "We were able to study the associations of the natural menstrual cycle and the use of birth control pills, as well as the natural menopause and the use of hormone therapy with the flexibility of the arteries....