Blood in urine doesn’t always come out in liquid form. You may see blood clots in your urine – clots can look like coffee grounds, globs or worm-like strings. The size and number of clots are usually related to the severity of your condition. It’s also possible that your toilet pap...
Microalbuminuria and diabetic renal disease are closely linked [1–14] and are associated with increasing blood pressure and often antecedent hyperfiltration [1]. Microalbuminuria usually indicates the beginning of diabetic nephropathy as opposed to over
In recent years, “liquid” biopsy methods, including measurement of proteins and DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and single-cell sequencing in blood or urine, have been used for diagnosis and assessment of changes in kidney diseases. The aims of this rev...
Modern medicine emphasizes the concept of homeostasis, constancy of the intern milieu. Accordingly, it is assumed that biological functions and processes are relatively stable during the 24 h and other time periods and that the exacerbation of disease an
Although the interaction of the sex by breastfeeding on blood mtDNA content was not significant, stratified analysis showed only significant associations in adolescent boys. Sex steroid hormones are able to regulate mitochondrial function. Moreover, mitochondria play an important role in the biosynthesis...
When viral load is not detectable, there is a good argument to avoid ART in these infants. Continued maternal ART is encouraged more so in women who intend to breastfeed. The management of exposure to Hepatitis B requires a detailed risk assessment of the source. In high-risk cases, Hep ...
Anti-Xga, the sex-linked blood antigen, is an antibody more common in women than in men. It is specific for the Xga antigen, in recognition of its X-linked pattern of inheritance. Table 15.9 gives phenotype frequencies in Caucasian males and females. The antibody is relatively uncommon and ...
However, ctDNA can also be obtained from various non-blood sources and these might offer unique advantages over plasma ctDNA. In this Review, we discuss advances in the analysis of ctDNA from non-blood sources, focusing on urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and pleural or peritoneal fluid, but also...
This training course is conducted with the approval of the Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Nara Women’s University. In this training, dietary intakes for the previous 1–2 months and on the day of investigation were examined, and 24 h urine samples were collected. The 24 h urine...
This study suggests potential associations between TEs and POI in women. Notably, most TEs (Zn, Se, Cu, Mo, Cd, Hg, Pb) were significantly lower in the urine of the POI group, while Cu, Cd, Hg, and Pb showed significant differences in both urine and serum....