Fig. 1. Block diagram for Cyber - Physical Systems in Blockchain. Cyber computing can be used to acquire, regulate and interact more resourcefully with physical infrastructure and systems. The CCI maintains and maintains large physical systems and infrastructures through the Internet of Things (IoT...
With the wide application and development of blockchain technology in various fields such as finance, government affairs and medical care, security incidents occur frequently on it, which brings great threats to users’ assets and information. Many resea
A supply chain requires a state transition diagram to articulate the possible flows, and the various transition functions at each state. Each party in the supply chain is only allowed to take certain actions depending on their role and the state of the product...
and test operation data.A distributed contract is used to perform a smart contract, allowing machines such as field devices to process themselves without human intervention, and extracting the recorded process parameter values and product parameter values to determine the quality of the product.Diagram...
Basic block diagram using blockchain and ML techniques. Full size image Many researchers propose a new consensus protocol that performs better security and scalability and reduces the probability of cyber-attacks on the blockchain network. In8, the author proposed Algorand, which achieves transaction ...
These arguments suggest that since the x-axis is some measure of interactions, and the y-axis in the phase diagram a measure of curvature, that it is curvature vs. interactions that provide a better characterisation of phase behaviour for such systems than the usual Gibbsian parameters (T,V,...
While the Blockchain itself is highly protected, the area of access and authorization still requires some working. That’s where bio-authentication comes in. A reference diagram is shared below. The authentication server and the client are both connected via the Blockchain, but access can only ...
Figure 4. Diagram of the time-synchronous protocol depicting the important roles and actions each node executes for each slot. This federated overlay topology greatly decreases decentralization and, consequently, fault tolerance in case a cluster representative exhibits Byzantine behavior. However, this ...
Figure 3 elucidates blockchain integration with AI for intrusion detection. Figure 3. A diagram of an example of the combination of blockchain and IDS, visually demonstrating the benefits of intrusion detection [46]. 2.3.2. Opportunities and Challenges in Blockchain–IoT Convergence The ...
Note: The two security rules above are the core principles of this handbook , and all the other security principles mentioned in this handbook are derived from them. Okay, that's all for our introduction. Let's start with a diagram and explore this dark forest to see what risks we will ...