The best-supported hypothesis for why zebras have stripes is that stripes repel biting flies. While this effect is well-established, the mechanism behind it remains elusive. Myriad hypotheses have been suggested, but few experiments have helped narrow the field of possible explanations. In addition,...
and field trials in the UK and Australia have shown that permethrin, (3‐phenoxybenzyl (1R,1S)‐cis,trans‐3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐2, 2‐dime‐thylcyclopropanecarboxylate) containing 25: 75 cis: trans isomers, applied as water emulsions to cattle and horses will control biting flies. Satis...
Species identification of the adult flies was based on the examination of their morphological characteristics under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ51, Japan) using the standard keys for the black flies of Thailand [58]. In total, 253 adult female black flies (seven species or complex) belonging to...
Black flies are small, dark, humpbacked flies that belong to the family Simuliidae, with more than 2400 species formally recorded worldwide [1]. The female flies usually feed on the blood of birds and mammals, including humans, which can cause irritation, pain, swelling, and redness at the ...
The more primitive branch of the order (the sawflies and wood-wasps) have ovipositors modified for sawing or drilling into the plant tissues in which they lay their eggs. The more advanced branch contains the wasps, bees, ants, gall wasps and insect parasites (Ichneumondae and Braconidae; ...
can be found in moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Males of the psychodid Ulomyia fuliginosa Meigen, 1804 have a pocket-like pouch on each wing, which opens on the lower surface (Supplementary Fig. 5a,b). Although pheromone production in males by evers- ible mesothoracic scent organs has...
Human onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) [1,2] caused by the filarial parasitic nematode,Onchocerca volvulus.The parasite spreads through the bite of blackflies within the genusSimulium, which act as disease vectors. Onchocerciasis has posed a ...
(no outgroups included) was 0.513, and pairwise distances between protein sequences ranged between 0.000 (An. coluzziv.An. gambiae) and 1.198 (G. fuscipes fuscipesv.An. maculatus). The distance of the ski2 protein betweenC. sonorensisand mosquitoes was 0.752, with sandflies was 0.834, and...
IN the Diptera fully mandibulate mouthparts adapted to penetrate the skin and ingest the body fluids of the host have been recognized in only seven families, the Culicidae (mosquitoes), Simuliidae (black flies), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Psychodidae (sandflies), Blepharoceridae, Tabanidae...
a study to test the safety and effectiveness of a sand fly biting protocol using uninfected sand flies (FLYBITE: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03999970 ) and a CHIM using Leishmania major -infected sand flies (LEISH_Challenge: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04512742 ), both taking place in York, UK....