E. (1995). Birth order and family size: Influences on adolescents´ achievement and related parenting behaviors. Psychological Reports, 76, 43-51.Sputa CL, Paulson SE. Birth order and family size: inferences o
Table 1. Birth-order effects in scale scores for the big five personality dimensions based on direct sibling comparisons Personality dimensionaPartial correlation with birth orderbNp< Conscientiousness −0.18 4507 0.0001 • Firstborns are more deliberate, dutiful, effective, energetic,a hardworkin...
Birth is often seen as the starting point for studying effects of the environment on human development, with much research focused on the capacities of young infants. However, recent imaging advances have revealed that the complex behaviours of the fetus and the uterine environment exert influence. ...
In addition, both the family size and birth order effects are more pronounced for families where first-born children are females than those where the first-borns are males. Birth order effect is more evident in financially constrained families....
The formation of economic preferences in childhood and adolescence has long-term consequences for life outcomes. We study in an experiment how both birth o
Maternal stress during pregnancy may impact offspring development via changes in the intrauterine environment. However, genetic and environmental factors shared between mothers and children might skew our understanding of this pathway. This study assesse
more parentingtime, closer parent-child relationships, and a better personality than a child who has siblings. TheSobel-Goodman test reveals that financial resources, parenting time, the closeness of parent-childrelationships, and personality traits are mediators of these effects. An only child has ...
The current study is part of the prospective, multi-method “Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health” (DREAM) investigating the effects of work, role distribution, perinatal factors, and stress factors on long-term family mental health and intra-family relationships. The study current...
and birth: environmental exposure, medication, lifestyle behaviors, mode of delivery, duration of pregnancy, complications x Interview; self-report; medical records Medical history: chronic conditions/diseases, hereditary diseases x xx Interview; self-/proxy- report Health behaviors: (breast) feeding, ...
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with externalizing behaviors. Whereas some ACEs affect individual children (i.e., child-specific; e.g., failing a grade), others affect the family unit (i.e., family-wide; e.g., parent losing a job); effects of ACEs on externalizing beh...