As an adaptation for flight, bird bones are extremely lightweight. Many bones have air spaces, and the longer limb bones are sometimes completely hollow. The hollow bones have an internal support system of struts. Related Bird Anatomy Pages: ...
Abstract Feathers do not have to be especially strong but they do need to be stiff and at the same time resilient and to have a high work of fracture. Syncitial barbule fibres are the highest size-class of continuous filaments in the cortex of the rachis of the feather. However, the ra...
Based on the anatomy, we used the following parameter values: thickness of the melanosome membrane a = 30 nm; thickness inter- nal air layer of top melanosomes b1 = 20–50 nm; thickness internal air layer of other melanosomes b2 = 100–125 nm, thickness keratin ...
6c). Based on the anatomy, we used the following parameter values: thickness of the melanosome membrane a = 30 nm; thickness internal air layer of top melanosomes b1 = 20–50 nm; thickness internal air layer of other melanosomes b2 = 100–125 nm, thickness keratin cortex...