Although a patient will most likely be depressed when they first seek help, it is very important to find out from the patient or the patient's family or friends if a manic or hypomaniac episode has ever been present, using careful questioning. This will prevent misdiagnosis of Depressive Dis...
This chapter records the historical significance of the disorder, mania, which dates back to antiquity. It shows the development of the concept of bipolarity and the more recent broadening of the concept. It starts with the Diagnostic and Statistical Man
Bipolar II disorder (BP-II) is defined, by DSM-IV, as recurrent episodes of depression and hypomania. Hypomania, according to DSM-IV, requires elevated (euphoric) and/or irritable mood, plus at least three of the following symptoms (four if mood is only irritable): grandiosity, decreased ...
Types of mood episodes Mood episodes were classified empirically within 1 of 8 different categories, beginning with the categories of major depression, minor depression, mania, hypomania, and mixed episode. Minor depression was defined as depressed mood accompanied by 2 or more other symptoms, withou...
Here, we hypothesize that structure connectivity constrains functional connectivity, and structural–functional coupling is a more sensitive biomarker to detect subtle brain abnormalities than any single modality in BD patients with a current major depressive episode who had attempted suicide. By ...
Bipolar II disorder is less severe than bipolar I disorder. Individuals experience at least one hypomanic episode, which is less severe than full-blown mania, and at least one major depressive episode. For these people, periods of depression typically last longer than periods of hypomania, with...
(ICD-10) [20], with the diagnosis made by an attending physician and reviewed by a deputy chief physician or chief physician; all enrolled patients were in the acute stage of a depressive episode; (2) Age between 14 and 60 years, regardless of gender; (3) Duration of recurrent ...
Types of Outcomes The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who experienced an episode recurrence of any type (depressed, manic, or mixed) during the first 12 months after randomization (or by the trial end point if follow-up was of shorter duration). When these data were unavaila...
BD-I:Criteria met at least for one manic, which might have been preceded or followed by a hypomanic episode or major depressive episode. BD-II:Criteria met for at least one current or past hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode. There should be no manic episodes. ...
The features supporting a continuity between bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder currently are 1) depressive mixed states (mixed depression) and dysphoric (mixed) hypomania (opposite polarity symptoms in the same episode do not support a splitting of mood disorders); 2) family history...