Hormonal therapies may play a role in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Preliminary evidence suggests that: 1) tamoxifen has anti-manic properties;2) hormone replacement therapy represents a good augmentation strategy in treatment-resistant peri-menopausal depression;and 3) certain oral contraceptives ...
Hormonal therapies may play a role in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Preliminary evidence suggests that: 1) tamoxifen has anti-manic properties; 2) hormone replacement therapy represents a good augmentation strategy in treatment-resistant peri-menopausal depression; and 3) certain oral contraceptives...
pleiotropy, and pathophysiological basis. Subjects with BD display high rates of inflammatory comorbidities [1,2]. This review aims to provide a convergent overview of biological systems and pathways (purinergic, mitochondrial, inflammatory, immune, kynurenic, and hormonal) having inflammation...
Hormone level fluctuation: It is understood that varying hormonal levels in the body could lead to bipolar disorder. For e.g. people with altering thyroid hormone levels are prone to this disorder Brain part:Varying size and shape of parts in the brain can also lead to bipolar disorder Chemica...
Bipolar disorder can occur in children, although it isn't as common as in adults. Recognizing the signs of bipolar in children can help your child get the care they need.
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling cont
An imbalance in the production of IL-1beta and IL-6 by monocytes of bipolar patients: restoration by lithium treatment. Bipolar Dis 2007; 9: 743–753. 53 Boufidou F, Nikolaou C, Alevizos B, Liappas IA, Christodoulou GN. Cytokine production in bipolar affective disorder patients under ...
(Nurnberger et al.1983). Furthermore, affective disorder patients undergo exaggerated depressive responses to cholinergic agents compared to control groups. This hypersensitivity to cholinergic manipulations supports the hypothesis of a cholinergic imbalance during depressive episodes (van Enkhuizen et al....
This suggests that morphometric grey-matter changes in these regions are not specifically pathogno- monic to affective disorders, or are even a proxy for underlying common disease processes or for risk factors such as life stressors or effects of hormonal or inflammatory changes. Nevertheless, the ...
However, we did observe consistent differences in the overall composition of the gut microbiota (β-diversity) between cases and controls within each mental disorder category. In addition, we identified specific bacterial taxa with differential abundances between cases and controls, some of which were ...