Thirty patients with bipolar affective disorder current episode mania diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria and thirty normal participants matched in age and gender were taken for the study. Participants were individually assessed on cognitive symptom checklist to examine the status of cognitive functions...
They are divided into type I disorder, which is defined by the occurrence of severe manic episodes; type II disorder in which the depressive episode occurs with hypomania but not mania; and cyclothymia, in which subsyndromal hypomanic and depressions are present. These disorders are highly ...
The average duration of the first manic episode is about three months. Manic episodes be further divided into different gradients of severity. In contrast to typical major depression, the depressive episodes of bipolar disorder often occur acutely, can take place over a few weeks and without signif...
Hypomania is generally a less destructive state than mania, and people in the hypomanic phase generally experience less of the symptoms of mania than those in a full-blown manic episode. The duration is usually also shorter than in mania. This is often a very 'artistic' state of the ...
Bipolar disorder has the highest rate of suicide of all psychiatric conditions and is approximately 20–30 times that of the general population. The p
Assess the client’s current mood and behavior, observe for signs of a manic or depressive episode, as well as any impulsive or reckless behavior that may increase the risk of injury. This is to determine whether the client is currently experiencing a manic, depressive, or stable state. This...
The ICD-9-CM includes 2 codes not present in the DSM-IV: 296.1 (manic disorder, recurrent episode) and 296.81 (atypical manic disorder). The code 296.89 includes bipolar II disorder in DSM-IV, whereas in ICD-9-CM, it refers to manic-depressive psychosis mixed type. Comorbidity was ...
(breakthrough episode), make sure their current treatments are likely to protect them from a manic relapse (eg, mood stabilizer or antipsychotic). When applicable, check the medication dose, patient adherence, drug-drug interactions, and serum concentrations. Also, inquire about current stressors, ...
However, differences could be caused by the manic episode of the included participants, which lead to more impaired ToM in BD I than BD II [59]. A recent meta-analysis also revealed a modest correlation between full-manic episode and cognitive deficits in BD [8], which supported that mood...
This chapter records the historical significance of the disorder, mania, which dates back to antiquity. It shows the development of the concept of bipolarity and the more recent broadening of the concept. It starts with the Diagnostic and Statistical Man