The first single-cell RNA-seq datasets confirmed what many biologists had already suspected: that substantial expression heterogeneity exists between cells in a tissue, and that this heterogeneity underlies a wide range of diseases. For instance, cancers often arise not as a function of cellular coll...
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Acute exposure to cigarette smoke alters gene expression in several biological pathways such as apoptosis, immune response, tumorigenesis and stress response, among others. However, the effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) on early chan
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease causing limited mobility and pain, with no curative treatment available. Recent in vivo studies suggested autonomic alterations during OA progression in patients, yet clinical evidence is scarce
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[110]. There is a diversity of ways people understand, experience, and express their gender, whether influenced by those gender roles they assimilate and the institutional gender expectations that surround them [111]. Gender roles at the individual-level become gender norms that are perpetrated by...
One researcher (RB) recorded the responses of those unable to write either due to arthritis affecting their hands or ability to speak but not write Eng- lish. Patients unable to complete questionnaires during their visit to the clinic were given a reply paid pre-addressed envelope and asked to...
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Based on this report, a weak promoter P5 was first used to express PLD extracellularly by B. choshinensis. After the PLD gene was successfully expressed in B. choshinensis, the promoter was replaced with a stronger promoter P2 to improve the PLD production, which showed significant increase ...