The denoised and normalized BOLD signal outputted by the TEDANA workflow was analyzed in SPM12 using general linear models (GLM), modeling 3 conditions: the RJT reflection period, the RJT response period, and the cross-fixation period. The semantic relatedness rating was included as a modulation...
We conducted two separate GLM (general linear model) analysis in SPM12: subject-level analysis and single-trial analysis in two samples respectively. Subject-level GLM was used to obtain beta images for the Multivariate voxel pattern analysis. The four runs of the stimulation task were concatenated...
(SPM orthogonalization was turned off for all regressors, including parametric modulators81.) If the participant failed to respond to at least one trial during a run of the Estimation Stage, a third boxcar function was added to model the entire response window on the trials that they omitted....
Around 10% of the subjects were arbitrarily chosen and had 20 additional random trial points surrogateopt evaluations in a desktop computer, all producing the previously identified (\({\theta }_{j}^{A\beta },{\theta }_{j}^{{Tau}},{\theta }_{j}^{A\beta \cdot {Tau}}\)) set for...
Anthocyanin is an important class of water-soluble pigments that are widely distributed in various tissues of plants, and it not only facilitates diverse color changes but also plays important roles in various biological processes. Maize silk, serving as
We performed a whole-brain random-effects group analysis based on the general linear model (GLM), using the two-level approach in SPM12. First, individual participant data were modelled separately. The participant-level GLM included regressors for the four experimental conditions (simple words, ...
Additionally, we found that trial-by-trial bradycardia states were linked to value-based computations underlying approach-avoidance arbitration. First, bradycardia states were associated with a stronger effect of threat of shock (i.e., aversive value) on avoidance decisions, which was negatively associ...
A smaller σ indicates that the participant’s estimation weight is more similar to that in the previous trial. We thus used σ as an index of stabilization of estimation weights within each participant; the smaller the value of σ, the more stable the psychophysical function in the phase....
Neuroimaging data were preprocessed and analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12; Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK) run in Matlab R2020b. To prevent biases due to spin saturation, the first five functional images were discarded. To correct for susceptibility-by-movem...
1A). Thus, each of the orientations presented in the trial could be turned into one of the two other orientations (Fig. 1B). The presented and rotated gratings were different from each other on every trial, allowing us to independently assess encoding of perceived and mentally rotated ...