“I wish I had thought more about how many biology careers would require graduate-level education beyond just an undergraduate degree. I majored in biology because I had an interest in the sciences. I started out as a wildlife biology major and really enjoyed many of those classes. In fact,...
CONCEPT 25.4 The rise and fall of groups of organisms reflect differences in speciation and extinction rates 生物群体的兴衰反映了物种形成和灭绝率的差异 (Page 537) CONCEPT 25.5 Major changes in body form can result from changes in the sequences and regulation of developmental genes 身体形态的重大变...
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, ...
Mutations in chromatin-modifying complexes and metabolic enzymes commonly underlie complex human developmental syndromes affecting multiple organs. A major challenge is to determine how disease-causing genetic lesions cause deregulation of homeostasis in unique cell types. Here we show that neural-specific ...
Genome-wide interaction screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpCP protease reveals toxin-antitoxin systems as a major substrate class. FEBS J. 288, 111–126 (2021). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar LeRoux, M., Culviner, P. H., Liu, Y. J., Littlehale, M. L. & Laub, M. T. ...
Selenoproteins in Paraneoptera. Species tree annotated with the prediction of selenoproteins and the Sec machinery. The species highlighted in red (Aphidomorpha and Coccoidea) lack selenoproteins and several genes required for their synthesis (the Sec machinery). Each column corresponds to a gene fam...
Once systems were in place for nuclear and cellular division in the presence of a plasma membrane, a major challenge would be the spatial coordination of nuclear and plasma membrane scission. Apparently, solutions to this problem evolved multiple times, as judging by the diverse modes of cytokinesi...
Most of TIM-barrel proteins are enzymes, belonging to almost all of the major EC classes [52]. A well-known version of a TIM barrel is a (β/ α)6 "semi-barrel," in which the inner layer of slanted β- strands does not form a complete cylinder, but has a lat- eral opening (...
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules are cell surface proteins essential for antigen presentation1. MHC-I encoded by three gene loci (HLA-A, -B, and -C) are composed of a polymorphic heavy α-chain and an invariant β-2 microglobulin light chain9. The α1- and α...
Mitochondria, the only semiautonomous organelles in mammalian cells, possess a circular, double-stranded genome termed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). While nuclear genomic DNA compaction, chromatin compartmentalization and transcription are known to be regul